Device for vaporizing liquids.



PATENTBD DEC. 5, 1905.

A. HAYES. DEVICE FOR VAPORIZING LIQUIDS.

APPLICATION FILED PEB- 27,1905.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

WWII/m No.'8 06,139.' PATENTED DEC. 5, 1905.

' A. HAYES.

DEVICE FOR VAPORIZING LIQUIDS.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 27,1905.

' s snnnws-snmr 2.

PATENTED DEC 5, 1905.

, A. HAYES. DEVICE FOR VAPORIZING LIQUIDS.

v No. 806,139.

APPLIOATION FILED FEB. 27,1905.

3 sums- EET a.

} UNITED, S ATES PATENT OFFICE.

ALBERT HAYES], OF NEW'YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE AssI N MENTS, TOTHEQDORE J. LINDLEY. I

DEVICE FORYVAPORIZENG LIQUIDS.

1'0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALBERT HAYES, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the county of New York, State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improve ments in Devices for Vaporizing Liquids, of which the following is a descriptipn, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the figures of reference marked thereon."

I My invention relates to devices for vaporizing liquid, and is particularly intended forvaporizing hydrocarbon oils in order" to form a combustible gaseous compound suitable for use in explosive-enginesor for other purposes. I

I My invention isdesigned toovercome certain difficulties wh ch have heretofore been found in the use of the heavier hydrocarbons as the basis for forming gaseous mixtures suitable for use as the explosive charge for explosive-engines. v o

- It is common to make use ofthe lighter or more volatile hydrocarbons, such as gasolene for this purpose.

or naphtha,asthe basis of the explosive charge, and the so calledfgasolene-engines are successfully and extensively used. The desirability of using a heavier and less dangerous hydrocarbon as the basis of the charge has been generally recognized, and much time and effort has been expended in the attempt to satisfactorily vaporize the heavier hydrocarbons so far unsuccessful that the engines employing kerosene or other heavy'hydrocarbon "as deposit of carbon in the enginecylinder.

These difiiculties are overcome in the device of my invention by the use of a construction which permits the air employedto take up only the proportion of oil necessary to make a satisfactory explosive charge. The device is preferably so arranged that the air is first heated and is then caused to take up a slight quantity of oil and a slight quantity of water, the air carrying the oil and the water being then reheated and again caused to take up a Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed February 27, 1905. $eria1 No. 247,514.

. of Fig. 3.

top plan view of the device.

These attempts have been Patented Dec. 5 1905.

further amount of oil, and it is essential to the operation of the device that the oil be presented -in the form of a film tothe air-current, so that .it will be impossible for more than the desired amount to be taken up.

With theabove-explained purposesin view my invention consists inthe construction and combination ofelements hereinafter described; andparticularly pointed out in the claims.'

vertical section through the device on line A A the device on line B B of Fig. 3. Fig. 3 is a Fig. 4 is a horizontal section about midway between the ends of the device, and-Fig. 5 is a vertical section through the upper head. Fig. 6 is a horizontal section on line C C of Fig. 8. Fig. 7 is a horizontal section on line D D of Fig. 8,

and Fig. 8 is a vertical section on line E E of mg. 3. e I

vIn the drawings, 1. is a casing preferably, though not necessarily, cylindrical in crosssection, having a passage 2 through it from end to end communicating at one end through pipe 3 with the exhaust of an explosion-engine or other source of heated air or heated gases and having a discharge-pipe 4. connect ed with its other end; Between the wall of the passage 2 and the outer wall of the casing 1 is formed a pair of passages 5 and 6, pref erably spiral, the lower portion of the passage 6 being preferably divided. by. the partition 6 into two parallel passages. The cas ing 1 is provided at its ends with'heads 7 and 8, having passages 9 and 10, respectively, communicating with the spiral passages 5 and 6, as hereinafter explained. The passages 5 and 6 in the casing with the passages 9 and 10 in the heads form, taken together, a continuous passage or air-conduitv leading from the up- Fig. 2 is a vertical section through per head downward through the walls of the casing about the passage 2 to the lower head and thence upward through the walls of the I casing about the passage 2 to the upper head. The head 7 is provided, preferably at points about diametrically opposite each other, with openings Hand 12, of which the opening 11- serves as an inlet-opening for the admission 1 5:

of air and the opening 12 serves as an outlet for the gas formed in the device, as hereinafter described. Pipes lii'and 14: are. connected, respectively, with-theopenings 11 and 12,

the pipe 13 leading from aasuitable supply Of..1' [Q air under pressure of preferably about ten pounds, and the pipe 1 1 leading to the cylinder of the engine or the receptacle in which the gas is'to be stored.

In case the device is to be used in connection with a four-cycle engine it will not be necessary to supply air under pressure to the airinlet 11, as the downstroke of the piston by its suction will create a current of air suflicient for the proper operation of the device.

The casing 1 is preferably, though not necessarily, arranged vertically, as shown, so that the head 7 will be at its upper end and the head 8 at its lower end. The lower head 8 by its passage 10 serves to connect the lower ends of the spiral passages 5 and 6. In the passage 10 is a diaphragm 15, having two openings 16 through it, the diaphragm being so arranged that all communication between the ends of the passages 5 and 6 is necessarily throughthe openings 16. The openings 18 are alike and only one of them need be described. Each is provided with a valve-seat 17, formed integrally with the diaphragm or preferably, as shown, by a ring set into the opening 16. This valve-seat is tapered, as shown, to form a seat for a conical or tapering valve 18. Surrounding the valve-seat is a groove or well 19, which communicates with the face of the valve-seat by means of small holes or grooves 20, preferably four in number, though the number may be varied. The groove or well 19 communicates by an inlet 21 with a supply-pipe 22, the inlet being controlled by a suitable valve 23. Through one of the supplypipes 22 oil is supplied to one of the grooves or wells 19, and through the other supply-pipe 22 water is supplied to the other of the grooves or wells 19, the oil or water, as the case may be, passing from the groove or well through the holes 20 to the face of the valve-seat when the valve is lifted.

The valves18 and 18 are respectively provided with tapered or conical faces 24 and 24:, adapted to fit the valve-seats 17 and 17 and above the faces 24 and 24: have, respectively, flanges 25 and 25, adapted to extend over and form covers for the grooves or wells 19 and 19. Below the faces 24 and 24. the valves 18 andl 8 are provided,respectively,with a series of inclined downwardly-extending wings or vanes 26 and 26, adapted when a current of air is forced or drawn upward to raise the valve to be so acted on as to cause the valve to be slightly rotated.

The upperhead 7 is provided with a diaphragm l5,which, asin case of the diaphragm in the lower head, is provided with one or more openings 16, each provided withavalve 18, groove or well 19, supply-pipe 22', and valve 23, the construction being in all respects the same as in case of the corresponding valves in the lower head, with the exception that the valves of the upper head are preferably provided with means for regulating their movement. For this purpose in the construction shown the valves 18 are each provided with a head 27 concentric with the valve and adapted to enter a cylindrical opening 28, formed in a plug 29, inserted in an opening 30 directly above the valve 18, and an adjusting-screw 31 extends through the upper end of the plug, so that the upper end of the head 27 will strike its lower end when the valve is raised. The walls of the passage 2, through which the exhaust from the engine passes, are preferably provided with ribs 32 in order to increase the surface exposed to the heat of the exhaust and to increase the mass of metal, so as to both take up more heat than would be done by a passage with plain walls and to retain the heat longer, and the diaphragms 15 and 15, carrying the valves 18 and 18 and the grooves or wells 19 and 19, are of sufficient thickness of metal and so located with reference to the walls of the passage 2 that they will become sufiiciently heated by conduction from the walls of the passage to maintain the oil in the groove or well 19 and 19 at a high degree of heat, preferably at a heat nearly that of the cracking-point. The valves 18 and 18 are preferably of such weight as to remain on their seats unless by a decrease of pressure above them or an increase of pressure below they are forced upward.

In the operation of my device as above described the several pipes 22 and 22 are connected to suitable reservoirs or other supplies of oil or water, as the case may be, one of the pipes 22 of the lower head being connected with a water-supply and the other with an oilsupply, and the pipes 22 of the upper head being, preferably both if two are used, connected with an oil-supply. It is not necessary for the oil or the water to be supplied under pressure, it being necessary only for the oil or water to flow in with suffieient rapidity to keep the grooves or wells 19 full, or nearly so. Air under pressure of preferably about ten pounds enters through the air-inlet 11 and passing downward through the spiral passage 5 is heated by contact with the walls of the casing which are kept hot by the exhaust from the engine passing through passage 2. From the passage 5 the heated air enters the passage 10 of the lower head 8 and by its pressure causes the valves 18 of the lower head to lift slightly, and at the same time, by the action of the air-current on the wings or valves 26, gives the valve a slight rotation to distribute the oil or water, which, as the valve lift is free to pass through the holes 20 from the groove or well 19. The effect of this retation is to spread the oil or water in a thin film, in which form it is readily taken up by the air-current in its passage through the valve. The currents of air from the two valves of the lower head, one carrying the oil so picked up and the other carrying water, enter, respectively, the passages into which the lower poroil or water in thegroove or well.

tion of the spiral passage'6 is divided by the I walls of the passage, by which the vaporization of the oil and water is made'complete and the gaseous mixture more or less com-- pletely fixed. The heated gas then passes into the upper head? and passing through the openings 16 of the diaphragm 15, controlled by the v'alves18, takes up a further quantity of oil and then passes through the outlet 12 to the cylinder of the engine. The flanges 25 and 25 of the valves 18 and 18 serve to protect the grooves or wells 19 and 19 while the valves are closed from any back pressure of the gas which might. tend to prevent the oil or water from flowing into the groove or well and while the valves are raised" leave the grooves or Wells openfor more or less oil or Water to be taken up from the surfaceof the The pro portion of oil and water thus taken up by theair is comparatively slight, and no further admixture of air isneeded to make an explosive charge suitable for use.- If desired, the gase-l ous -mixture as it is discharged from the outlet 12 may be subjected to compression to form a practically stablegas suitable for gen-- eral use, Eitbeing necessaryv only that the compression be intermittent, so that the flow from the outlet 12 will be intermittent and the valves 18 will open and close intermittently. The-device as above described is adapted to be connected with any explosion-engine and is adapted to use for the purpose of forming an explosive charge any liquid hydrocarbon from :gasolene or naphtha to the heaviest oils, such as crude oil orfuel-oil, it being necessary onlythat the 'oil used be sufiiciently; fluid to flow into thegrooves or wells' 19 and keep them full, or nearly so. f If desired, different oils may be used to supply the grooves or wells of the valves of the upper and lower head, or if two valves are usedin the upper head one may be supplied with heavy'oil and the other with gasolene or other more volatile hydrocarbo'n.' 4

By means of the device as abovedescribedany gasolene-engine may without change other than the substitution of the device for the vaporizer or carbureter commonly used be adapted to be run with kerosene or even-fueland its seat.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1., In a device. for vaporizing liquids, the

combination-of an air-conduit, a diaphragm in said conduit having therein an air-passage provided with a valveseat, means for supplying liquidto the valve-seat, alift-valve for the valve-seat arranged to control the passage of air through the conduitand means carried by the valve adapted to be acted on by air passing through the conduit to rotate the valve to distribute the liquid.

2, In a device for vaporizing.liquid,the combination of an air-conduit, adiaphragm in said conduit having therein an air-passage provided with a valve-seat, means for supplying provided with inclined vanes orwings adapted to be acted on-by air passing through the,con-' duit to rotate thevalve to distribute the liquid;

' In a device for vaporizing liq uid,thecombination of an air-conduit, a diaphragm insaid cond uit having therein an air passage -pro-' vided, witha valve-seat, means for supplying; liquid to the valve-seat, a lift-valve for the valve-seat arranged to control the passage "of air'throughthe air-conduit, the valve being provided-on its under side with inclined vanes or wings adapted to be acted on by air passing through the'conduit to rotate thevalve to distribute the liquid; a v

,4. Ina device for vaporizingliquid,thecombination ofan aircondu it, a diaphragm in said conduit having therein an air-passagepro vided at its upper end with a valve-seat, means for supplying liquid to the valve-seat, a liftvalve for the valve-seat arranged to control the passage-of air through the air-conduit, the

valve being provided on its under side with invided with a valve-seat, a groove or well surtherewith, means for supplying liquid to the groove or well, a lit'tvalve for the valve-seat arranged to control the passage of air through the conduit and means carried by the valve adapted to be acted on by the air passingthrough the conduit to rotate the valve to dis tribute the liquid. 6. In a device for vaporiz1ng]iquid,the combination ofan air-conduit, adiaphragm in said conduit having therein an air-passage provided with a' valve-seat, a groove or wellsurroundingthe valve-seat and inic'ommunication therewith, means for supplying liquid to the grooveor well, a lift-valve for the valve-seat L arranged to control the passage of air through the air-conduit, the valve being provided with inclined vanes or wings adapted to be acted on by air passing through the conduit to rotate the valve to distribute the liquid.

7. Inadevicefor vaporizingliquid,thecom bination of an air-conduit, a diaphragm in said conduit having therein an airpassage provided with a valve-seat, a groove or well surrounding the valve-seat and in communication therewith, a lift-valve for the valve-seat arranged to control the passage of air through the air-conduit, the valve being provided on its under side with inclined vanes or wings adapted to be acted on by the air passing through the conduit to rotate the valve to distribute the liquid.

8. Inadevicefor vaporizingliquid,thecombination of an air-conduit, a diaphragm in said conduit having therein an air-passage provided at its upper end with a valve-seat, a groove or well surrounding the valve-seat and in communication therewith, means for supplying liquid to the groove or well, a lift-valve for the valve-seat arranged to control the passage of air through the air-conduit, the valve being provided on its under side with inclined vanes or wings extending into the air-passage adapted to be acted on by the air passing through the conduit to rotate the valve to distribute the liquid.

9. In adevice for vaporizing liquid, the combination of an air-conduit, a diaphragm in said conduit having therein an air-passage provided with a valve-seat, a groove or well in the upper face of the diaphragm surrounding the valve-seat and in communication therewith, means for supplying liquid to the groove or well, means for heating the diaphragm to heat the liquid in the groove or well, a liftvalve for the valve-seat arranged to control the passage of air through the conduit, and means carried by the valve adapted to be acted on by air passing through the conduit to rotate the valve to distribute the liquid.

10. In a device for vaporizing liquid, the combination of an air-conduit, a diaphragm in said conduit having therein an airpassage provided with a valve-seat, a groove or well in the upper face of the diaphragm-surrounding the valve-seat and in communication therewith, means for supplying liquid to the groove or well, means for heating the diaphragm to heat the liquid in the groove or well, a liftvalve for the valve-seat arranged to control the passage of air through the air-conduit, the valve being provided with inclined vanes or wings adapted to be acted on by air passing through the conduit to rotate the valve to distribute the liquid.

11. In a device for vaporizing liquid, the combination of an air-conduit, a diaphragm in said conduit having therein an airpassage provided with a valve-seat at its upper end, a

groove or well in the upper face of the diaphragm surrounding the valve-seat and in communication therewith, means for supplying liquid to the groove or well,-means for heating'the diaphragm to heat the liquid in the groove or well, a lift-valve for the valveseat arranged to control the passage of air through the air-conduit, the valve being provided on its under side with inclined vanes or wings extending into the air-passage adapted to be acted on by the air passing through the conduit to rotate the valve to distribute the liquid.

12. In a device for vaporizing liquid, the combination of an air-conduit, a diaphragm in said conduit having therein an air-passage provided with a valve-seat, a groove or well in the upper face of the diaphragm surrounding the valve-seat and in communication therewith, means for supplying liquid to the groove or well, a lift-valve for the val ve-seat arranged to control the passage of air through the conduit, the valve being provided with a flange extending over and covering the groove or well, and means carried by the valve adapted to be acted on by air passing through the conduit to rotate the valve to distribute the liquid.

13. In a device for vaporizing liquid, the combination of an air-conduit, a diaphragm in said conduit having therein an air-passage provided with a valve-seat, a groove or well in the upper face of the diaphragm surrounding the valve-seat and in communication therewith, means for snpplyingliquid to the groove or well, a lift-valve for the valve-seat arranged to control the passage of air through the airconduit, the lift-valve being provided with a flange extending over and covering the groove or well and being also provided with inclined vanes or wings adapted to be acted on by air passing through the conduit to rotate the valve to distribute the liquid.

14:. In a device for vaporizing liquid, the combination of an air-conduit, a diaphragm in said conduit having therein an air-passage provided with a valve-seat, a groove or well surrounding the valve-seat and in communication therewith, means for supplying liquid to the groove or well, means for heating the diaphragm to heat the liquid in the groove or well, a lift-valve for the valve-seat arranged to control the passage of air through the conduit, the valve being provided with a flange extending over and covering the groove or well and also provided with means adapted to be acted on by air passing through the conduit to rotate the valve to distribute the liquid.

15. In a device for vaporizing liquid, the combination of a casing having an air-conduit formed therein, a diaphragm in said conduit having two air-passages therein, each provided with a valve-seat, means for supplying different liquids to the two valve-seats, a lift-valve for each valve-seat and means carried by the valves adapted to be acted on by air passing through the conduit to rotate the valves to distribute the liquid.

16. In a device for vaporizing liquid, the

combination of a casinghaving a passage there'- through for a heating medium and. having anair-conduit formed therein surrounding the passage for the heating medium, a diaphragm in said conduit having therein anair-passage provided with a valve-seat,'mean s for supply; ing liquid to'the valve-seat, a lift-valve for-the valve-seat arranged to control the passage of air through theconduit, and means carried by the valve adapted tobe acted on by air passing through the conduit to rotate thevalve to distribute the liquid.

17. In a device for vaporizing liquid, the

combination of a casing having a passage therethrough for a heating medium and having. an air-conduit formed therein surrounding the passage for the heating medium, a diaphragm in said conduit having therein two air-pasduit leading downward about the passage for the heating medium and then upward about the passage for the heating medium, adiaphragm near the lowest point of said airconduit having an air-passage therein provided with a valve-seat, means for supplying liquid to the valve-seat, a lift-valve for the valve-seat arranged to control the passage of air through the conduit, and means carried by the valve adapted to be acted on by air passing through the conduit to rotate the valve to distribute the liquid.

19. In a device for vaporizing liquid, the combination of a casing having a passage therethrough for a heating medium and having an air-conduit formed therein surrounding the passage for. the heating medium, said air-conduit leading downward about the passage for the heating medium and then upward about the passage for theheating medium, a diaphragm in said conduit near its lowest point provided with a valve-seat, a second diaphragm in said air-conduit near its end having thereinan air-passage provided with a valve-seat, means for supplyingliquid to said valve-seats, a lift-valve for each of said valve-seats arranged to control the passage of air through,

through for a heating medium and havingan i air-conduit formed therein surrounding the passage of the heating medium, said air-conduit leading downward about the passage for theheating medium and then upward about the passage for the heating medium,'a diaphragmvin the air-conduit near its lowest point having therein two air-passages each provided with a valve-seat, means for supplying oil to one of said valve-seats and means for supplying water to the other of said valve seats lift-valves for said valve-seats arranged to control the passage of air through the conduit, and means carried by each of the valves adapted to be acted on by air passing through the'cond'uitto rotate the valves to distributethe liquids.

21. In a device for vaporizing liquid, the,

combination of a casing having a passage therethrough for aheating medium and having an air-conduit leading downward about the passage ior the heating. medium and then leading upward about the passage for the heating medium, a diaphragm in the air-conduit near its lowest point having therein two air-passages each provided with a valve-seat,- means for supplying oil to one of said valve-seats and -means for supplying water to the other of said valve-seats, a lift-valve for each of said valve-seats, a second diaphragm 1n said alrconduit near. its end having therein an airpassage provided with a valve-seat, means for supplying oil to said valve-seat, and a liftvalve for. said'valve-seat', eachof the valves being provided with means adapted to be acted on by air passing through the conduit to rotate the valves. 7 Y

22. In a device for vaporizing liquid, the combination of a casing having an air-conduit formed therein, adiaphragm in said conduit having therein an air-passage provided with a valve-seat,-a groove or well surrounding the valveseat and communicating therewith,-

means for supplying liquid "to the groove or well, a lift-valve for the valve-seat, provided with a flange extending over the groove or well and adapted to form acovering therefor when the valve is in its seat.

23. In a device for vaporizing liquid, the;-

combination of a casing having an air-conduit formed there1n,a diaphragm in said conduit having therein an air-passage provided with a.

valve-seat, a groove or wellsurrounding the valve-seat and communicating therewlth, a

lift-valve for; the valve-seat provided with a' flange extending overthe groove or well and adapted to' form a cover thereforiwhen the movement of'the valve; I

In testimony whereof I aflixmy'signature in presence of two witnesses. r l

V ALBERT HAYES. Witnesses: r I H. PARKINS,

, V A. P. GREELEY.

I20 valve is in its seat and means for limiting the 

